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The demographic dividend refers to accelerated economic growth resulting from a favorable change in the age structure of the population, particularly an increase in the number of actual workers relative to dependents. Realizing this potential requires investment in human capital, health and education, job creation, reproductive health services, and good governance. Harnessing the demographic transition for sustainable development in the African context requires strategic public budgeting aligned with demographic realities. This paper introduces the concept of the demographic dividend (DD) and introduces Budgeting Sensitive to Demographic Dividend (BSDD) as a framework for optimizing national budgets for inclusive growth and social well-being. This process relies on methodological frameworks, empirical data, and simulations to guide policymakers in transforming demographic changes into economic opportunities. It is also an advocacy tool for the implementation of BSDD to transform traditional budgets into functional budgets aligned with the capture of the demographic dividend. This document highlights the need for balanced budget allocations, particularly in the education and health sectors. Strengthening territorial interconnectivity, governance and infrastructure, as well as reducing the informal sector and promoting decent jobs are key policy recommendations. Integrating demographic dividend monitoring into budget planning and policy simulation is essential for sustainable development in Africa.

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